NCERT Exemplar problems for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds

Short Answer Questions

Question.1 Draw the electron dot structure of ethyne and also draw its structural formula.
Answer.

Question.2 Write the names of the following compounds.


Answer.
(a) Pentanoic acid (b) 1-Butyne
(c) Heptanal (d) 1-Pentanol

Question.3 Identify and name the functional groups present in the following compounds.


Answer.

Question.4 A compound X is formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid C₂H₄O₂ and an alcohol in presence of a few drops of H₂SO₄. The alcohol on oxidation with alkaline KMnO₄ followed by acidification gives the same carboxylic acid as used in this reaction. Give the names and structures of
(a) carboxylic acid, (6) alcohol and (c) the compound X. Also write the
reaction.
Answer.

Question.5 Why detergents are better cleansing agents than soaps? Explain.
Answer. It is because detergents form lot of lather even with hard water.
Hard water contains Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions which react with soap to form insoluble salts of calcium and magnesium called scum and soap goes waste. Detergents do not form insoluble compounds with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions, therefore, these are more effective.

Question.6 Intake of small quantity of methanol can be lethal. Comment.
Answer. Methanol is oxidised to methanal in liver.’ Methanal is highly reactive and good reducing agent. It causes protoplasm to coagulate. It also affects optic nerve and leads to blindness.

Question.7 A gas is evolved when ethanol reacts with sodium. Name the gas evolved and also write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.
Answer. Hydrogen gas is evolved.

Question.8 Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms of the same element. It is exhibited by both carbon and silicon. Compare the ability of catenation of the two elements. Give reasons.
Answer. Carbon shows catenation to large extent as compared to silicon as well as any other element due to smaller size of carbon. C—C bond is stronger than Si-Si bond because Si is larger in size, forms wea’ker bond.

Question.9 Match the reactions given in Column (A) with the names given in Column (B).

Answer.
(a) – (iv) is esterification reaction because ester is being formed from carboxylic acid and alcohol.
(b) – (i) is addition reaction as hydrogen is being added.
(c) – (ii) is substitution reaction because hydrogen of methane is being substituted by
chlorine atom.
(d) – (iii) is neutralisation reaction because acetic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form salt and water.

Question.10 What is the role of metal or reagents written on arrows in the given chemical reactions?

Answer.
(a) Ni is used as a catalyst.
(b) Cone. H₂SO₄ acts as a dehydrating agent.
(c) Alkaline KMnO₄ is an oxidising agent.

Long Answer Questions

Question.11 (a) Write the formula and draw electron dot structure of carbon tetrachloride.
(b) What is saponification? Write the reaction involved in this process.
Answer.

Question.12 A compound ‘C’ (molecular formula, C₂H₄O₂) reacts with Na-metal to form a compound ‘R’ and evolves a gas which burns with a pop sound. Compound ‘C’ on treatment with an alcohol ‘A’ in presence of an acid forms a sweet smelling compound ‘S’ (molecular formulaC₃H₆O₂). On addition of NaOH to ‘C’, it also gives ‘R’ and water. ‘S’ on treatment with NaOH solution gives back ‘R’ and ‘A’.
Identify ‘C’, ‘R’, ‘A’, ‘S’ and write down the reactions involved.
Answer.

Question.13 How would you bring about the following conversions? Name the process and write the reaction involved.
(a) Ethanol to ethene
(b) Propanol to propanoic acid
Answer.