Urdu Language and Literature The name of the Urdu language is derived from ‘Ordu”, a Turkish work, which means a military camp. Urdu represents a happy blending of Arabic and Persian with an Indian language. It would be difficult to make definite statement about the place of its origin which is claimed by…
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Treaty of Purandar (1665) Treaty of Purandar The Treaty of Purandar was signed between Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Raja Jai Singh (on behalf of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb). The treaty was signed on 11th June, 1665. Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb had sent Raja Jai Singh to fight against Shivaji. Jai Singh captured several forts of…
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Third Battle of Panipat (1761) Introduction The Third Battle of Panipat took place on 14th of January, 1761 between: the Maratha army and the combined forces of Ahmad Shah Afdali (Afghan King), Shuja-ud-Daula (Nawab of Begal) and Rohilla Afgans. The Maratha army under Sadashivrao Bhau was defeated in the Third Battle of Panipat. The…
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The Maratha War of Independence The Maratha War of Independence (also war of 27 years) consists of series of battles fought between the Maratha Army and the Mughal empire during the period from 1680 to 1707. Chhatrapati Shivaji died on 3rd Apri, 1680, but he had already given birth to the Maratha Independence Movement.…
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The Battle of Bhopal between Marathas and Mughal Empire (1737) The Battle of Bhopal Introduction: The Battle of Bhopal was fought between the Maratha empire and the Mughal empire (together with allies) on 24th December, 1737 near Bhopal. The decisive victory of the Marathas in the Battle of Bhopal is a significant event in the history of…
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Slave Dynasty (Ghulam Dynasty, Mamluk Dynasty) in India Introduction Slave Dyansty in India is also referred to as Mamluk dynasty and Ghulam dynasty. It was founded by Qutubuddin Aibak. Muhammad Ghori died in 1206 A.D. and his Indian kingdom passed into the hands of his slave, and general Qutub-ud-din Aibak, whom Ghori had earlier…
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Short paragraph on Kalidasa (Sanskrit Poet and Dramatist) Kalidasa Kalidasa (also Kalidas) was the most brilliant literary figure of the Gupta age who shed enduring luster on the secular Sanskrit literature. His literary works were primarily revolved around an ancient Hindu text called ‘Puranas”. Kalidasa was the greatest poet and dramatist that ever lived in…
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Short paragraph on Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj was the step brother of Chatrapati Shambhaji. He was the son of Shivaji. After the death of Sambhaji, he became the king and carried on war with the Mughals till his death in 1700. During his reign the Marathas recovered many of their forts…
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Short note on Pallavas of Kanchi (Kanchipuram) Pallavas of Kanchi Pallavas of Kanchi (or Kanchipuram) were always at war with the Chalukyas of Badami. Not much is known about the early history of the Pallavas. However, the Pallavas under their king Narasimhavarman conquered the whole of the Deccan. Like the Chalukya kings, the…
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Short Note on Maharaja Ranjit Singh Maharaja Ranjit Singh In the North, the Sikhs, under their able leader Maharaja Ranjit Singh had developed into an effective military force. Although his activities did not interfere with British interests directly, both Lord Wellesley and the Earl of Minto viewed the rise of the Sikhs as…
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